The answer comes from an index
AI search finds pages through search indexes. Google's AI features only use pages in Google's index.
87 % of ChatGPT search's citations matched Bing's top results in Seer's test; 56 % matched Google's.
100 queries, 500+ citations, Feb 2025; a later replication found a lower match once ChatGPT ran several searches per question. Google: a page must be indexed and allowed a snippet to appear in AI Overviews or AI Mode.
Source: Seer Interactive, Feb 2025 · Google Search Central, Dec 2025